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Differential Regulation of Native Estrogen Receptor-Regulatory Elements by Estradiol, Tamoxifen, and Raloxifene
- Source :
- Molecular Endocrinology. 22:287-303
- Publication Year :
- 2008
- Publisher :
- The Endocrine Society, 2008.
-
Abstract
- Estrogen receptors (ERs) regulate gene transcription by interacting with regulatory elements. Most information regarding how ER activates genes has come from studies using a small set of target genes or simple consensus sequences such as estrogen response element, activator protein 1, and Sp1 elements. However, these elements cannot explain the differences in gene regulation patterns and clinical effects observed with estradiol (E(2)) and selective estrogen receptor modulators. To obtain a greater understanding of how E(2) and selective estrogen receptor modulators differentially regulate genes, it is necessary to investigate their action on a more comprehensive set of native regulatory elements derived from ER target genes. Here we used chromatin immunoprecipitation-cloning and sequencing to isolate 173 regulatory elements associated with ERalpha. Most elements were found in the introns (38%) and regions greater than 10 kb upstream of the transcription initiation site (38%); 24% of the elements were found in the proximal promoter region (
- Subjects :
- Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
medicine.drug_class
Estrogen receptor
Biology
Response Elements
Transfection
Article
Endocrinology
Cell Line, Tumor
medicine
Humans
Raloxifene
Luciferases
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Molecular Biology
Estrogen receptor beta
Hormone response element
Binding Sites
Estradiol
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Estrogen Receptor alpha
Computational Biology
General Medicine
Introns
Tamoxifen
Gene Expression Regulation
Selective estrogen receptor modulator
Estrogen
Raloxifene Hydrochloride
Cancer research
Estrogen receptor alpha
hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists
medicine.drug
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 19449917 and 08888809
- Volume :
- 22
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Molecular Endocrinology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....5f8fe770be824473f7fa761f57679a3f