Regional differences in mitigation strategies: an example for passenger transport

This paper shows the importance of including region-specific circumstances in long-term climate change mitigation strategies, by example of a modeling exercise of the transport sector. Important emission reduction options in the transport sector include biofuels, electric vehicles and efficiency standards. The most effective combination of these options depends, among others, on the availability of biofuels, the effectiveness of efficiency standards, and the (expected) emission intensity of the power sector—all of which differ between regions. Differences in climate policies between regions influence these factors. For instance, fuel efficiency standards slowdown the long-term transition in regions where plugin hybrid electric cars compete with gasoline cars (such as the USA or Europe) by decreasing the costs for driving gasoline costs and therefore in fact increase long-term emissions. Another example is that promoting electric vehicles is less effective in regions which are expected to rely heavily on fossil fuels for power generation, such as South Africa, China and India. Based on these findings from the TIMER energy model, we introduce an indicative region-specific framework for assessing mitigation strategies for the transport sector up to 2050, for different ambition levels of climate policy.