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The Occurrence of -nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in Swimming Pools: An Overview
- Source :
- Environmental Health Insights, Vol 15 (2021), Environmental Health Insights
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- SAGE Publishing, 2021.
-
Abstract
- The occurrence of several disinfectant byproducts has been investigated in swimming pools. Until now, there are only a few studies on nitrosamine, particularly N-nitrosodimethylamine in swimming pool water. This could be due to the lack of a suitable method that is sensitive enough for the measurement of N-nitrosodimethylamine in pool waters. Other disinfectant byproducts formed in pool water widely documented are trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, halonitromethanes, and chloramines but inadequate information on N-nitrosodimethylamine. This paper provides a review of the nitrogenous disinfectant byproduct in swimming pools and its health implications. Anthropogenic substances introduced by swimmers such as sweat, lotions, and urine contribute to the formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine. The reaction of secondary amines such as dimethylamine with mono/dichloroamines produced dimethyl hydrazine and further undergo oxidation to form N-nitrosodimethylamine. The reaction of chlorine and other disinfectants with these anthropogenic sources in swimming pools cause cancer and asthma in human tissues. Thus, the assessment of N-nitrosodimethylamine in the swimming pool is less well documented. Therefore, the health consequences, mutagenic, and genotoxic potentials of N-nitrosodimethylamine should be the focus of more research studies.
- Subjects :
- Haloacetic acids
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Disinfectant
0208 environmental biotechnology
chemistry.chemical_element
02 engineering and technology
010501 environmental sciences
Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
01 natural sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
medicine
Chlorine
GE1-350
Dimethylamine
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
N-nitrosodimethylamine
Chloramine
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
anthropogenic sources
Mini-Review
Pollution
020801 environmental engineering
Swimming pool
Environmental sciences
chemistry
Nitrosamine
Environmental chemistry
Research studies
Public aspects of medicine
RA1-1270
disinfectant byproducts
medicine.drug
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 11786302
- Volume :
- 15
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Environmental Health Insights
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....5ebe969b781efd402b89b0be1df2b475