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Global Prevalence and Impact of Hostility, Discrimination, and Harassment in the Cardiology Workplace
- Source :
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 77(19)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- Discrimination and emotional and sexual harassment create a hostile work environment (HWE). The global prevalence of HWE in cardiology is unknown, as is its impact.This study sought to evaluate emotional harassment, discrimination, and sexual harassment experienced by cardiologists and its impact on professional satisfaction and patient interactions worldwide.The American College of Cardiology surveyed cardiologists from Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, Eastern Europe, the European Union, the Middle East, Oceana, and North, Central, and South America. Demographics, practice information, and HWE were tabulated and compared, and their impact was assessed. The p values were calculated using the chi-square, Fisher exact, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis determined the association of characteristics with HWE and its subtypes.Of 5,931 cardiologists (77% men; 23% women), 44% reported HWE. Higher rates were found among women (68% vs. 37%; odds ratio [OR]: 3.58 vs. men), Blacks (53% vs. 43%; OR: 1.46 vs. Whites), and North Americans (54% vs. 38%; OR: 1.90 vs. South Americans). Components of HWE included emotional harassment (29%; n = 1,743), discrimination (30%; n = 1,750), and sexual harassment (4%; n = 221), and they were more prevalent among women: emotional harassment (43% vs. 26%), discrimination (56% vs. 22%), and sexual harassment (12% vs. 1%). Gender was the most frequent cause of discrimination (44%), followed by age (37%), race (24%), religion (15%), and sexual orientation (5%). HWE adversely affected professional activities with colleagues (75%) and patients (53%). Multivariate analysis showed that women (OR: 3.39; 95% confidence interval: 2.97 to 3.86; p 0.001) and cardiologists early in their career (OR: 1.27; 95% confidence interval: 1.14 to 1.43; p 0.001) had the highest odds of experiencing HWE.There is a high global prevalence of HWE in cardiology, including discrimination, emotional harassment, and sexual harassment. HWE has an adverse effect on professional and patient interactions, thus confirming concerns about well-being and optimizing patient care. Institutions and practices should prioritize combating HWE.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Male
medicine.medical_specialty
Multivariate analysis
Asia
Cardiology
Hostility
030204 cardiovascular system & hematology
Logistic regression
Job Satisfaction
03 medical and health sciences
Middle East
Physicians, Women
0302 clinical medicine
Internal medicine
Surveys and Questionnaires
medicine
Prevalence
media_common.cataloged_instance
Humans
030212 general & internal medicine
European union
Workplace
media_common
Aged
business.industry
Odds ratio
Middle Aged
South America
Confidence interval
Sexual Harassment
Harassment
Sexual orientation
Female
medicine.symptom
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
business
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15583597
- Volume :
- 77
- Issue :
- 19
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....5eb327c5e6aa53a4afd00029c0bbe913