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Towards Higher Oil Yield and Quality of Essential Oil Extracted from Aquilaria malaccensis Wood via the Subcritical Technique
- Source :
- Molecules, Molecules, Vol 25, Iss 3872, p 3872 (2020), Volume 25, Issue 17
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- MDPI, 2020.
-
Abstract
- A method that delivers a high yield and excellent quality of essential oil, which retains most of its value-added compounds, and undergoes least change after the extraction process, is greatly sought after. Although chemical free methods are acceptable, they call for an extensive processing time, while the yield and quality from these methods are often disappointing. This work utilizes subcritical water technology to address these issues. In this undertaking, essential oil was extracted from Aquilaria malaccensis wood by way of subcritical conditions, and characterized through gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). Optimization through response surface methodology revealed temperature to be the most critical factor for the extraction process, while the optimum conditions for temperature, sample-to-solvent ratio, and time for subcritical water extraction was revealed as 225 &deg<br />C, 0.2 gr/mL, and 17 min, respectively. The subcritical water extraction technique involves two simultaneous processes, which are based on good fitting to the two-site kinetic and second order model. In comparison to the hydrodistillation method, GC/MS results indicated that the quality of A. malaccensis&rsquo<br />wood oils, derived through the subcritical water technique, are of significantly better quality, while containing many constructive value-added compounds, such as furfural and guaiacol, which are useful for the production of pesticides and medicines. Pore size, functional groups, and morphology analysis revealed the occurrence of substantial damage to the samples, which facilitated an improved extraction of bio-products. In comparison to conventional methods, the use of the subcritical method not only involves a shorter processing time, but also delivers a higher oil yield and quality.
- Subjects :
- Aquilaria malaccensis
Pharmaceutical Science
02 engineering and technology
Furfural
01 natural sciences
Article
essential oil
Analytical Chemistry
law.invention
lcsh:QD241-441
chemistry.chemical_compound
lcsh:Organic chemistry
law
Drug Discovery
subcritical water extraction
Oils, Volatile
Response surface methodology
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Essential oil
biology
010405 organic chemistry
Organic Chemistry
Extraction (chemistry)
Water extraction
021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology
biology.organism_classification
Pulp and paper industry
0104 chemical sciences
chemistry
Thymelaeaceae
Chemistry (miscellaneous)
Yield (chemistry)
Molecular Medicine
Gas chromatography
0210 nano-technology
gaharu
wood
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 14203049
- Volume :
- 25
- Issue :
- 17
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Molecules
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....5e552094486980a63017d68b79ea4ed1