Risk factors which influence DNA methylation in childhood obesity

Introduction: Obesity is a metabolic disease that accumulates an excessive level of fat. It also leads to comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, osteoarthritis and hormonal imbalances. Obesity has also been associated with an increased risk of developing cancers and may also enhance cancer-related mortality. The global prevalence rate of obesity and overweight, especially among children, is on the rise, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is no exception. Methods: A recent report suggests that the prevalence of overweight and obesity is 17% and 16%, respectively, in the UAE among children between 6 and 18 years of age. Thus, this is a serious health problem that needs urgent attention. Hence in this review we have analysed the risk factors which influence DNA Methylation in Childhood Obesity by using published literature. Results: Although genetic factors contribute to childhood obesity, epigenetic factors also play a significant role in its development. Discussion: This review article discusses the different risk factors and their contribution/s through epigenetic modification, DNA methylation and the associated changes in gene expression that eventually lead to childhood obesity. Understanding how these risk factors modulate gene expression could help to avoid or reduce the impact of exposures to such factors and thus may help to evolve a healthy future generation.