Theory and Applications of Nitroxide-based Paramagnetic Cosolutes for Probing Intermolecular and Electrostatic Interactions on Protein Surfaces

Solvent paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (sPRE) arising from nitroxide-based cosolutes has recently been used to provide an atomic view of cosolute-induced protein denaturation and to characterize residue-specific effective near-surface electrostatic potentials (ϕ