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Changes in physical activity behavior and development of cardiovascular risk in children
- Source :
- Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 31:1313-1323
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Wiley, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Swiss National Foundation Background Prevention of cardiovascular (CV) disease should start early in life. The study aimed to investigate the association of changes in physical activity, sedentary behavior and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with development of body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP) and retinal microvascular health in children over four years. Methods In 2014, 391 children aged 6-8 years were screened, and thereof 262 children were reexamined after four years following standardized protocols. Retinal arteriolar (CRAE) and venular diameters were measured by a retinal vessel analyzer. CRF was objectively assessed by a 20m shuttle run, physical activity and sedentary behavior by use of a questionnaire. Results Children who achieved higher CRF levels reduced their BMI (β [95% CI] -0.35 [-0.46 to -0.25] kg/m2 per stage, P ≤ 0.001) and thereby developed wider CRAE (β [95% CI] 0.25 [0.24 to 0.48] µm per stage, P = 0.03) at follow-up. Moreover, children with elevated or high systolic BP at baseline, but lower levels of sedentary behavior during the observation period, had wider CRAE at follow-up (β [95% CI] -0.37 [-0.66 to -0.08] µm per 10 min/d, P = 0.013). Conclusion An increase of CRF over four years was associated with a reduced BMI and consequently wider retinal arterioles at follow-up. In children with elevated or high systolic BP, a reduction of sedentary behavior by merely 10 min per day significantly improved retinal microvascular health as a primary prevention strategy to promote childhood health and combat development of manifest CV disease later in life.
- Subjects :
- Male
Multi-stage fitness test
medicine.medical_specialty
Epidemiology
Fundus Oculi
Physical activity
Blood Pressure
Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
030204 cardiovascular system & hematology
Body Mass Index
Screen Time
03 medical and health sciences
Screen time
chemistry.chemical_compound
0302 clinical medicine
Venules
Arteriole
Risk Factors
medicine.artery
Primary prevention
Internal medicine
medicine
Humans
Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Child
Exercise
business.industry
Retinal Vessels
Blood Pressure Determination
Cardiorespiratory fitness
Retinal
030229 sport sciences
Arterioles
Blood pressure
Cardiorespiratory Fitness
chemistry
Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiology
Female
Sedentary Behavior
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
business
Body mass index
Physical activity behavior
Follow-Up Studies
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 16000838 and 09057188
- Volume :
- 31
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....5cdee82a466460a7ee804e92fef81d29