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Sex-dimorphic gene expression and ineffective dosage compensation of Z-linked genes in gastrulating chicken embryos
Sex-dimorphic gene expression and ineffective dosage compensation of Z-linked genes in gastrulating chicken embryos
- Source :
- BMC Genomics, BMC Genomics, 2010, 11 (1), pp.13. ⟨10.1186/1471-2164-11-13⟩, BMC Genomics, BioMed Central, 2010, 11 (1), pp.13. ⟨10.1186/1471-2164-11-13⟩, BMC Genomics, Vol 11, Iss 1, p 13 (2010)
- Publisher :
- Springer Nature
-
Abstract
- Background Considerable progress has been made in our understanding of sex determination and dosage compensation mechanisms in model organisms such as C. elegans, Drosophila and M. musculus. Strikingly, the mechanism involved in sex determination and dosage compensation are very different among these three model organisms. Birds present yet another situation where the heterogametic sex is the female. Sex determination is still poorly understood in birds and few key determinants have so far been identified. In contrast to most other species, dosage compensation of bird sex chromosomal genes appears rather ineffective. Results By comparing microarrays from microdissected primitive streak from single chicken embryos, we identified a large number of genes differentially expressed between male and female embryos at a very early stage (Hamburger and Hamilton stage 4), long before any sexual differentiation occurs. Most of these genes are located on the Z chromosome, which indicates that dosage compensation is ineffective in early chicken embryos. Gene ontology analyses, using an enhanced annotation tool for Affymetrix probesets of the chicken genome developed in our laboratory (called Manteia), show that among these male-biased genes found on the Z chromosome, more than 20 genes play a role in sex differentiation. Conclusions These results corroborate previous studies demonstrating the rather inefficient dosage compensation for Z chromosome in birds and show that this sexual dimorphism in gene regulation is observed long before the onset of sexual differentiation. These data also suggest a potential role of non-compensated Z-linked genes in somatic sex differentiation in birds.
- Subjects :
- Male
lcsh:QH426-470
lcsh:Biotechnology
MESH: Gastrulation
Chick Embryo
Biology
03 medical and health sciences
MESH: Gene Expression Profiling
0302 clinical medicine
Dosage Compensation, Genetic
lcsh:TP248.13-248.65
[SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN]
MESH: Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
Genetics
Animals
MESH: Animals
Gene
030304 developmental biology
Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
0303 health sciences
Z chromosome
Sex Characteristics
Dosage compensation
Sexual differentiation
Sex Chromosomes
Gene Expression Profiling
Gastrulation
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
MESH: Sex Chromosomes
MESH: Chick Embryo
MESH: Dosage Compensation, Genetic
MESH: Male
Gene expression profiling
Sexual dimorphism
lcsh:Genetics
MESH: Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
[SDV.BBM.GTP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN]
Female
MESH: Female
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Heterogametic sex
Sex characteristics
Research Article
MESH: Sex Characteristics
Biotechnology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 14712164
- Volume :
- 11
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- BMC Genomics
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....5c6b2af4313efbf745ac95e25c62b69d
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-11-13