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Evolution of Hominin Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism: From Africa to the New World
- Source :
- Genome Biology and Evolution
- Publication Year :
- 2017
- Publisher :
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2017.
-
Abstract
- BackgroundThe metabolic conversion of dietary omega-3 and omega-6 18 carbon (18C) to long chain (> 20 carbon) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) is vital for human life. Fatty acid desaturase (FADS) 1 and 2 catalyze the rate-limiting steps in the biosynthesis of LC-PUFAs. TheFADSregion contains two haplotypes; ancestral and derived, where the derived haplotypes are associated with more efficient LC-PUFA biosynthesis and is nearly fixed in Africa. In addition, Native American populations appear to be nearly fixed for the lesser efficient ancestral haplotype, which could be a public health problem due to associated low LC-PUFA levels, while Eurasia is polymorphic. This haplotype frequency distribution is suggestive of archaic re-introduction of the ancestral haplotype to non-African populations or ancient polymorphism with differential selection patterns across the globe. Therefore, we tested theFADSregion for archaic introgression or ancient polymorphism. We specifically addressed the genetic architecture of theFADSregion in Native American populations to better understand this potential public health impact.ResultsWe confirmed Native American ancestry is nearly fixed for the ancestral haplotype and is under positive selection. The ancestral haplotype frequency is also correlated to Siberian populations’ geographic location further suggesting the ancestral haplotype’ s role in cold weather adaptation and leading to the high haplotype frequency within Native American populations’. We also find that the Neanderthal is more closely related to the derived haplotypes while the Denisovan clusters closer to the ancestral haplotypes. In addition, the derived haplotypes have a time to the most recent common ancestor of 688,474 years ago which is within the range of the modern-archaic hominin divergence.ConclusionsThese results support an ancient polymorphism forming in theFADSgene region with differential selection pressures acting on the derived and ancestral haplotypes due to the old age of the derived haplotypes and the ancestral haplotype being under positive selection in Native American ancestry populations. Further, the near fixation of the less efficient ancestral haplotype in Native American ancestry suggests the need for future studies to explore the potential health risk of associated low LC-PUFA levels in Native American ancestry populations.
- Subjects :
- 0106 biological sciences
Most recent common ancestor
Fatty Acid Desaturases
Neanderthal
Population genetics
01 natural sciences
Haplogroup
0302 clinical medicine
Genetics
0303 health sciences
education.field_of_study
biology
Hominidae
humanities
Highlights
Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
Research Article
polyunsaturated fatty acids
Human Migration
Population
Introgression
010603 evolutionary biology
Evolution, Molecular
03 medical and health sciences
biology.animal
evolution
Animals
Humans
Selection, Genetic
education
ancient DNA
Gene
Denisovan
Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
030304 developmental biology
Polymorphism, Genetic
Haplotype
population genetics
biology.organism_classification
Genetic architecture
eye diseases
Siberia
Fatty acid desaturase
Ancient DNA
Evolutionary biology
Africa
biology.protein
Indians, North American
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Genome Biology and Evolution
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....5bd8231ea0785648aabaa6d1515502dd
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1101/175067