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Climate change impacts on sea-ice ecosystems and associated ecosystem services
- Source :
- Elementa-science Of The Anthropocene (2325-1026) (University of California Press), 2021-10, Vol. 9, N. 1, P. 00007 (55p.), Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, Elementa: Science of Anthropocene, 9(1), Elementa: Science of Anthropocene 9 (2021) 1, EPIC3Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 9(1), ISSN: 2325-1026
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- BioOne, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s). A rigorous synthesis of the sea-ice ecosystem and linked ecosystem services highlights that the sea-ice ecosystem supports all 4 ecosystem service categories, that sea-ice ecosystems meet the criteria for ecologically or biologically significant marine areas, that global emissions driving climate change are directly linked to the demise of sea-ice ecosystems and its ecosystem services, and that the sea-ice ecosystem deserves specific attention in the evaluation of marine protected area planning. The synthesis outlines (1) supporting services, provided in form of habitat, including feeding grounds and nurseries for microbes, meiofauna, fish, birds and mammals (particularly the key species Arctic cod, Boreogadus saida, and Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, which are tightly linked to the sea-ice ecosystem and transfer carbon from sea-ice primary producers to higher trophic level fish, mammal species and humans); (2) provisioning services through harvesting and medicinal and genetic resources; (3) cultural services through Indigenous and local knowledge systems, cultural identity and spirituality, and via cultural activities, tourism and research; (4) (climate) regulating services through light regulation, the production of biogenic aerosols, halogen oxidation and the release or uptake of greenhouse gases, for example, carbon dioxide. The ongoing changes in the polar regions have strong impacts on sea-ice ecosystems and associated ecosystem services. While the response of sea-ice–associated primary production to environmental change is regionally variable, the effect on ice-associated mammals and birds is predominantly negative, subsequently impacting human harvesting and cultural services in both polar regions. Conservation can help protect some species and functions. However, the key mitigation measure that can slow the transition to a strictly seasonal ice cover in the Arctic Ocean, reduce the overall loss of sea-ice habitats from the ocean, and thus preserve the unique ecosystem services provided by sea ice and their contributions to human well-being is a reduction in carbon emissions.
- Subjects :
- 0106 biological sciences
Atmospheric Science
VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497
Environmental Engineering
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
Environmental change
Klimaendringer / Climate change
VDP::Marinbiologi: 497
Marine protected area
Sea ice
EBSA
Climate change
Oceanography
01 natural sciences
Økosystem / Ecosystem
Ecosystem services
Sjøis
Sjøis / Sea ice
Marine Protected Area (MPA)
Ecosystem
14. Life underwater
1172 Environmental sciences
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Ecology
Primary producers
Business Manager projecten Midden-Noord
010604 marine biology & hydrobiology
Sea-ice ecosystem
Geology
15. Life on land
Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology
Polar Regions
Klimaendringer
Arctic
VDP::Marine biology: 497
13. Climate action
Greenhouse gas
VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497
Polar regions
Environmental science
Sea-ice ecosystems
Business Manager projects Mid-North
Økosystem
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 23251026
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Elementa-science Of The Anthropocene (2325-1026) (University of California Press), 2021-10, Vol. 9, N. 1, P. 00007 (55p.), Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, Elementa: Science of Anthropocene, 9(1), Elementa: Science of Anthropocene 9 (2021) 1, EPIC3Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 9(1), ISSN: 2325-1026
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....5bb596ac553e3db74a0717fba2744895