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The Local and Systemic Humoral Immune Response Against Homologous and Heterologous Strains of the Type 2 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus
- Source :
- Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 12 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Frontiers Media SA, 2021.
-
Abstract
- The humoral immune response plays a crucial role in the combat and protection against many pathogens including the economically most important, highly prevalent, and diverse pig pathogen PRRSV – the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus. In addition to viremia and viral shedding analyses, this study followed the local and systemic humoral immune response of pigs for 63 days upon inoculation with one of three types of Type-2 PRRSV (PRRSV-2) strains – one modified live virus (MLV) vaccine strain, and two lineage 1 PRRSV-2 strains, NC134 and NC174. The local response was analyzed by quantifying immunoglobulin (Ig)A in nasal swabs. The systemic response was studied by the quantification of IgG with ELISA and homo- and heterologous neutralizing antibodies (NAs) utilizing a novel method of flow cytometry. In all PRRSV-2 inoculated groups, viral nasal shedding started at 3 dpi, peaked between 3 and 7 days post inoculation, and was cleared at 28–35 dpi with sporadic rebounds thereafter. The local IgA response started 4–7 days after viral shedding occurred and showed a bi-phasic course with peaks at 14 dpi and at 28–35 dpi. Of note, the NC134 and NC174 strains induced a much stronger local IgA response. As reported earlier, main viremia lasted from 7 dpi to 28 dpi (NC174), 42 dpi (NC134) or until the end of the study (MLV). Similar to the local IgA response, the systemic IgG response started 4–7 days after viremia; but in contrast to viremia, serum IgG levels stayed high for all PRRSV-2 inoculated groups until the end of the study. A significant finding was that while the serum NA response in the MLV group was delayed by 28 days, serum NAs in pigs infected with our two NC134 and NC174 strains could be detected as early as 7 dpi (NC134) and 14 dpi (NC174). Compared to homologous NA responses, the NA responses against heterologous strains was strong but slightly delayed between our lineage 1 one strains or non-existent between the MLV and lineage 1 strains. This study improves our understanding of the relationship between local and systemic infections and the humoral immune response induced by PRRSV-2 infection or MLV vaccination. Our data also provide novel insights into the timeline of the development of homologous and heterologous NA levels – by both MLV vaccination or infection with two strains from the currently prevalent PRRSV-2 lineage 1.
- Subjects :
- lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy
0301 basic medicine
IgG
Swine
animal diseases
viruses
030106 microbiology
Immunology
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome
Heterologous
Viremia
03 medical and health sciences
Immune system
humoral immunity
medicine
Animals
Immunology and Allergy
neutralizing antibodies
Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus
Viral shedding
Original Research
biology
Vaccination
virus diseases
Viral Vaccines
adaptive immunity
porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
Flow Cytometry
Acquired immune system
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
biology.organism_classification
medicine.disease
Antibodies, Neutralizing
Virology
Immunity, Humoral
Immunoglobulin A
Nasal Mucosa
030104 developmental biology
Immunoglobulin G
Humoral immunity
biology.protein
Antibody
lcsh:RC581-607
IgA
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 16643224
- Volume :
- 12
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Frontiers in Immunology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....5b7bad3568c355e5d63d5946d3faa5b2