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Determination of phthalate esters in edible oils by use of QuEChERS coupled with ionic-liquid-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction before high-performance liquid chromatography
- Source :
- Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 406:4563-4569
- Publication Year :
- 2014
- Publisher :
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2014.
-
Abstract
- A selective and low organic-solvent-consuming method of sample preparation combined with high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection is introduced for analysis of phthalic acid esters in edible oils. Sample treatment involves initial liquid–liquid partitioning with acetonitrile, then QuEChERS cleanup by dispersive solid-phase extraction with primary secondary amine as sorbent. Preconcentration of the analytes is performed by ionic-liquid-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction, with the cleaned-up extract as disperser solvent and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate as extraction solvent. Under the optimized conditions, correlation coefficients (r) were 0.998–0.999 and standard errors (S y/x ) were 2.67–3.37 × 103 for calibration curves in the range 50–1000 ng g−1. Detection limits, at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, ranged from 6 to 9 ng g−1. Intra-day and inter-day repeatability, expressed as relative standard deviation, were in the ranges 1.0–6.9 % and 2.4–9.4 %, respectively. Recovery varied between 84 % and 106 %. The developed method was successfully used for analysis of the analytes in 28 edible oils. The dibutyl phthalate content of four of the 28 samples (14 %) exceeded the specific migration limit established by domestic and international regulations.
- Subjects :
- Liquid Phase Microextraction
Phthalic Acids
Ionic Liquids
Food Contamination
Endocrine Disruptors
Signal-To-Noise Ratio
Quechers
Biochemistry
High-performance liquid chromatography
Analytical Chemistry
chemistry.chemical_compound
Limit of Detection
Plant Oils
Sample preparation
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Detection limit
Chromatography
Extraction (chemistry)
Phthalate
Reproducibility of Results
Esters
Dibutyl Phthalate
Phthalic acid
chemistry
Ionic liquid
Food Analysis
Water Pollutants, Chemical
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 16182650 and 16182642
- Volume :
- 406
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....5b4bf3601790119e0af6b239f702775f