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Cognitive reserve attenuates the association between HIV serostatus and cognitive performance in adults living in the deep South
- Source :
- Appl Neuropsychol Adult
- Publication Year :
- 2023
-
Abstract
- Cognitive reserve has shown evidence of mitigating HIV-related effects on cognition in people living with HIV (PWH). In a sample of adults residing in the Deep South, an underrepresented subgroup in the neuroAIDS literature, we assessed the association between HIV serostatus and age on processing speed, visual attention, executive function, and episodic memory and the attenuating effect of cognitive reserve. Adults (n = 138; 72 PWH; Mage = 58.7 years, SD = 7.9 years; 75% non-White race) were recruited from a university clinic and the community. Verbal abilities served as a proxy for cognitive reserve. Regressions accounting for race, alcohol usage, and depressive symptoms were conducted for each cognitive outcome. Indirect effects were tested using the PROCESS macro. Being HIV seropositive was associated with worse executive function (b = -1.04, SE = 0.38, p = .007) and episodic memory (b = -39.94, SE = 12.54, p = .002) performance. Every year of age above the mean and non-White race was associated with worse cognitive performance (ps < .05). The addition of cognitive reserve to the model attenuated the HIV serostatus associations with executive function (BC 95% CI -0.770, -0.001) along with most associations between race and cognitive outcomes. Age associations remained for all cognitive outcomes (ps < .05). Findings highlight the importance of including verbal ability proxies of cognitive reserve when assessing cognition in PWH. Highlighting modifiable cognitive processes, such as cognitive reserve, will further the development of targeted cognitive interventions in this at-risk population.
- Subjects :
- Adult
050103 clinical psychology
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
HIV Infections
medicine.disease_cause
Article
Executive Function
Cognition
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Cognitive Reserve
Developmental and Educational Psychology
medicine
Humans
0501 psychology and cognitive sciences
Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance
Association (psychology)
Episodic memory
Cognitive reserve
05 social sciences
virus diseases
Middle Aged
medicine.disease
Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology
Psychology
Serostatus
Cognition Disorders
Clinical psychology
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 23279109
- Volume :
- 29
- Issue :
- 5
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Applied neuropsychology. Adult
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....5a8466e7b68071fd4eccbfed099c8b93