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Bioavailability, metabolism, and excretion of a complex Alternaria culture extract versus altertoxin II: a comparative study in rats
- Source :
- Archives of toxicology. 93(11)
- Publication Year :
- 2019
-
Abstract
- Despite the frequent infection of agricultural crops by Alternaria spp., their toxic secondary metabolites and potential food contaminants lack comprehensive metabolic characterization. In this study, we investigated their bioavailability, metabolism, and excretion in vivo. A complex Alternaria culture extract (50 mg/kg body weight) containing 11 known toxins and the isolated lead toxin altertoxin II (0.7 mg/kg body weight) were administered per gavage to groups of 14 Sprague Dawley rats each. After 3 h and 24 h, plasma, urine and feces were collected to determine toxin recoveries. For reliable quantitation, an LC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous detection of 20 Alternaria toxins and metabolites was developed and optimized for either biological matrix. The obtained results demonstrated efficient excretion of alternariol (AOH) and its monomethyl ether (AME) via feces (> 89%) and urine (> 2.6%) after 24 h, while the majority of tenuazonic acid was recovered in urine (20 and 87% after 3 and 24 h, respectively). Moreover, modified forms of AOH and AME were identified in urine and fecal samples confirming both, mammalian phase-I (4-hydroxy-AOH) and phase-II (sulfates) biotransformation in vivo. Despite the comparably high doses, perylene quinones were recovered only at very low levels (altertoxin I, alterperylenol, Alternaria mycotoxins and their relevance on food safety.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Male
Metabolic Clearance Rate
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Alternariol
Biological Availability
Food Contamination
Urine
Toxicology
medicine.disease_cause
01 natural sciences
Alternaria alternata
Body Temperature
Excretion
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
Eating
Feces
Limit of Detection
Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Tenuazonic acid
medicine
Benz(a)Anthracenes
Animals
Tissue Distribution
Food science
biology
Perylene quinone
Chemistry
Toxin
010401 analytical chemistry
Body Weight
Alternaria
General Medicine
Mycotoxins
biology.organism_classification
Metabolic Detoxication, Phase II
0104 chemical sciences
Bioavailability
030104 developmental biology
ADME
In vivo metabolism
Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Metabolic Detoxication, Phase I
Emerging mycotoxins
Chromatography, Liquid
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14320738
- Volume :
- 93
- Issue :
- 11
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Archives of toxicology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....5a1794b07abcd0c7244e89beb9486762