Anisotropy Control in Photoelectron Spectra: A Coherent Two-Pulse Interference Strategy

Coherence among rotational ion channels during photoionization is exploited to control the anisotropy of the resulting photoelectron angular distributions at specific photoelectron energies. The strategy refers to a robust and single parameter control using two ultrashort light pulses delayed in time. The first pulse prepares a superposition of a few ion rotational states, whereas the second pulse serves as a probe that gives access to a control of the molecular asymmetry parameter $\ensuremath{\beta}$ for individual rotational channels. This is achieved by tuning the time delay between the pulses, leading to channel interferences that can be turned from constructive to destructive. The illustrative example is the ionization of the $E{(}^{1}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}_{g}^{+}$) state of ${\mathrm{Li}}_{2}$. Quantum wave-packet evolutions are conducted including both electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom to reach angle-resolved photoelectron spectra. A simple interference model based on coherent phase accumulation during the field-free dynamics between the two pulses is precisely exploited to control the photoelectron angular distributions from almost isotropic to marked anisotropic.