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The molecular basis of immune regulation in autoimmunity
- Source :
- Clinical Science. 132:43-67
- Publication Year :
- 2018
- Publisher :
- Portland Press Ltd., 2018.
-
Abstract
- Autoimmune diseases can be triggered and modulated by various molecular and cellular characteristics. The mechanisms of autoimmunity and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases have been investigated for several decades. It is well accepted that autoimmunity is caused by dysregulated/dysfunctional immune susceptible genes and environmental factors. There are multiple physiological mechanisms that regulate and control self-reactivity, but which can also lead to tolerance breakdown when in defect. The majority of autoreactive T or B cells are eliminated during the development of central tolerance by negative selection. Regulatory cells such as Tregs (regulatory T) and MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells), and molecules such as CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen 4) and IL (interleukin) 10 (IL-10), help to eliminate autoreactive cells that escaped to the periphery in order to prevent development of autoimmunity. Knowledge of the molecular basis of immune regulation is needed to further our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of loss of tolerance in autoimmune diseases and pave the way for the development of more effective, specific, and safer therapeutic interventions.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
T-Lymphocytes
Gene Expression
Autoimmunity
Biology
medicine.disease_cause
T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
Immune tolerance
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Immune system
Antigen
Immune Tolerance
medicine
Humans
Cytotoxic T cell
CTLA-4 Antigen
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
B-Lymphocytes
Mesenchymal stem cell
Interleukin
Mesenchymal Stem Cells
General Medicine
030104 developmental biology
Immunology
Central tolerance
030215 immunology
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14708736 and 01435221
- Volume :
- 132
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Clinical Science
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....5960e248da9cf5749eda5b8dfda42af8