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Development and Validation of Novel Biomarkers Related to M2 Macrophages Infiltration by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis in Prostate Cancer
- Source :
- Frontiers in Oncology, Frontiers in Oncology, Vol 11 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Frontiers Media SA, 2021.
-
Abstract
- M2-tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) work as a promoter in the processes of bone metastases, chemotherapy resistance, and castration resistance in prostate cancer (PCa), but how M2-TAMs affect PCa has not been fully understood. In this study, we analyzed the proportion of tumor-infiltrating immune cells using the CIBERSORT algorithm, based on samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Then we performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis to examine the modules concerning infiltrated M2-TAMs. Gene Ontology analysis and pathway enrichment analysis were performed for functional annotation and a protein–protein interaction network was constructed. The International Cancer Genomics Consortium cohort was used as a validation cohort. The red module showed the most correlation with M2-TAMs in PCa. Biological processes and pathways were mainly associated with the immune-related processes, as revealed by functional annotation. Four hub genes were screened: ACSL1, DLGAP5, KIF23 and NCAPG. Further validation showed that the four hub genes had a higher expression level in tumor tissues than that in normal tissues, and they were good prognosis biomarkers for PCa. In conclusion, these findings contribute to understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of how M2-TAMs affect PCa, and looking for the potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for PCa patients.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Cancer Research
weighted gene co-expression network analysis
Genomics
Computational biology
Biology
KIF23
CIBERSORT algorithm
03 medical and health sciences
Prostate cancer
0302 clinical medicine
Immune system
Interaction network
M2-TAMs
medicine
Gene
RC254-282
Original Research
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens
biomarkers
Cancer
prostate cancer
medicine.disease
030104 developmental biology
Oncology
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
Gene co-expression network
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 2234943X
- Volume :
- 11
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Frontiers in Oncology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....58139fdfac10d4758f42c00593ba37e5
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.634075