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Clinical and molecular markers in retinal detachment—From hyperreflective points to stem cells and inflammation
- Source :
- PLoS ONE, Josifovska, N, Lumi, X, Szatmari-Tóth, M, Kristóf, E, Russell, G, Nagymihály, R, Anisimova, N, Malyugin, B, Kolko, M, Ivastinović, D & Petrovski, G 2019, ' Clinical and molecular markers in retinal detachment—From hyperreflective points to stem cells and inflammation ', PLoS ONE, vol. 14, no. 6, e0217548 . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217548, PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 6, p e0217548 (2019)
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2019.
-
Abstract
- PurposeRetinal detachment (RD) is one of the most frequently diagnosed ophthalmologic conditions requiring prompt surgical intervention. Combination of proper surgical technique and new diagnostic markers, both clinical and molecular, can help improve the diagnosis and prognosis of RD treatment.Methods12 patients with rhegmatogenous RD (rRD) were included into the study after obtaining patient consent and Regional Ethical Approval (average age: 58.1 ± 17.4 years). OCT was performed before and after 23G vitrectomy for RD. Pure subretinal fluid (SRF) was collected during surgery and analyzed by protein array profiling on a panel of 105 inflammatory cytokines (Human XL Cytokine Array), while the effect of SRF upon human macrophages-driven phagocytosis of apoptotic retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells ex vivo was quantified by flow cytometry. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of retinectomized tissue due to PVR caused by RD was performed to determine presence of markers for microglial cells (CD34), macrophages and activated microglia (CD68), regulator of the immune response to infection (NFkB), progenitor and stem cell marker (Sox2), pluripotency marker (Oct4) and intermediate filament markers (GFAP and Nestin).ResultsOCT of fresh RD patients contained pre-operatively hyper reflective points (HRPs) at the detached neuroretina border and proximal to the RPE layer-their size and number decreased following successful reattachment surgery. IHC of the retinectomized tissue from detached retina due to severe PVR showed presence of cell conglomerates at the detached neuroretina border which were positive for CD68, NFkB, Sox2 and GFAP, less positive for CD47 and Nestin and negative for Oct4 and CD34. The SRF contained at least 37 cytokines with higher, and 4 cytokine with lower concentration compared to that in vitreous from non-RD pathology; when used as conditional medium to human macrophages ex vivo, the SRF doubled their capacity for engulfing dying RPEs.ConclusionsFresh RD can be hallmarked by presence of HRPs at the detached neuroretina border on OCT; the HRPs decrease in size and number after successful reattachment surgery, and likely resemble the macrophage conglomerates seen by IHC. The neuroretina in RD contains progenitor/stem-like cells and signs of inflammatory reaction, while the SRF contains inflammatory cytokines and other factors which increase the ability of professional phagocytes to engulf dying RPE, or for that matter, other dying cells in the retina.
- Subjects :
- Male
Pathology
Physiology
medicine.medical_treatment
CD34
Apoptosis
Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Stem cell marker
White Blood Cells
Animal Cells
Immune Physiology
Medicine and Health Sciences
Immune Response
Innate Immune System
Multidisciplinary
Microglia
Stem Cells
Middle Aged
medicine.anatomical_structure
Cytokine
Cell Processes
Medicine
Cytokines
Retinal Disorders
Female
Cellular Types
Anatomy
medicine.symptom
Stem cell
Research Article
Adult
medicine.medical_specialty
Science
Immune Cells
Ocular Anatomy
Immunology
Surgical and Invasive Medical Procedures
Glial Cells
Inflammation
Retina
Signs and Symptoms
Phagocytosis
Diagnostic Medicine
Ocular System
medicine
Humans
Eye Proteins
Microglial Cells
Aged
Blood Cells
business.industry
Macrophages
Retinal Detachment
Biology and Life Sciences
Epithelial Cells
Cell Biology
Molecular Development
Nestin
Antigens, Differentiation
eye diseases
Ophthalmology
Immune System
sense organs
business
Developmental Biology
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 19326203
- Volume :
- 14
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- PLOS ONE
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....57e4f88e418eaa6eda12ab811a89da73