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The complete mitochondrial genome and novel gene arrangement of the unique-headed bug Stenopirates sp. (Hemiptera: Enicocephalidae)
- Source :
- PLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 1, p e29419 (2012), PLoS ONE
- Publication Year :
- 2012
- Publisher :
- Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2012.
-
Abstract
- Many of true bugs are important insect pests to cultivated crops and some are important vectors of human diseases, but few cladistic analyses have addressed relationships among the seven infraorders of Heteroptera. The Enicocephalomorpha and Nepomorpha are consider the basal groups of Heteroptera, but the basal-most lineage remains unresolved. Here we report the mitochondrial genome of the unique-headed bug Stenopirates sp., the first mitochondrial genome sequenced from Enicocephalomorpha. The Stenopirates sp. mitochondrial genome is a typical circular DNA molecule of 15, 384 bp in length, and contains 37 genes and a large non-coding fragment. The gene order differs substantially from other known insect mitochondrial genomes, with rearrangements of both tRNA genes and protein-coding genes. The overall AT content (82.5%) of Stenopirates sp. is the highest among all the known heteropteran mitochondrial genomes. The strand bias is consistent with other true bugs with negative GC-skew and positive AT-skew for the J-strand. The heteropteran mitochondrial atp8 exhibits the highest evolutionary rate, whereas cox1 appears to have the lowest rate. Furthermore, a negative correlation was observed between the variation of nucleotide substitutions and the GC content of each protein-coding gene. A microsatellite was identified in the putative control region. Finally, phylogenetic reconstruction suggests that Enicocephalomorpha is the sister group to all the remaining Heteroptera.
- Subjects :
- Male
Mitochondrial DNA
Enicocephalidae
Genome evolution
Molecular Sequence Data
lcsh:Medicine
Genome
Enicocephalomorpha
Evolution, Molecular
Hemiptera
RNA, Transfer
Gene Order
Animals
Evolutionary Systematics
Codon
lcsh:Science
Biology
Phylogeny
Taxonomy
Genetics
Comparative genomics
Evolutionary Biology
Base Composition
Multidisciplinary
biology
Base Sequence
Heteroptera
lcsh:R
Computational Biology
Agriculture
Genomics
biology.organism_classification
RNA, Ribosomal
Genome, Mitochondrial
Nucleic Acid Conformation
lcsh:Q
Pest Control
Zoology
Research Article
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 19326203
- Volume :
- 7
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- PLoS ONE
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....57232bb4beb6b91fd58edee63c596f93