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The bioaerosols emitted from toilet and wastewater treatment plant: a literature review
- Source :
- Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2020.
-
Abstract
- The aerosols harboring microorganisms and viruses released from the wastewater system into the air have greatly threatened the health and safety of human beings. The wastewater systems, including toilet and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), are the major locations of epidemic infections due to the extensive sources of aerosols, as well as multifarious germs and microorganisms. Viruses and microorganisms may transport from both toilet and hospital into municipal pipes and subsequently into WWTP, which accounts for the main source of bioaerosols dispersed in the air of the wastewater system. This review aims to elaborate the generation, transmission, and diffusion processes of bioaerosols at toilet and WWTP. Moreover, the main factors affecting bioaerosol transmission and the corresponding prevention strategies for the airborne and inhaled bioaerosols are also discussed. Collectively, this review highlights the importance of managing bioaerosol occurrence in the wastewater system, which has aroused increasing concern from the public.
- Subjects :
- Wastewater treatment plant
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Indoor bioaerosol
Air Microbiology
Review Article
Wastewater
010501 environmental sciences
Toilet
01 natural sciences
Water Purification
Humans
Environmental Chemistry
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Aerosols
Waste management
General Medicine
Epidemic infections
Pollution
Virus
Wastewater systems
Airborne
Bathroom Equipment
Environmental science
Sewage treatment
Bioaerosols
Bioaerosol
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 16147499 and 09441344
- Volume :
- 28
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Environmental Science and Pollution Research
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....56b7b37c0fd135de471f54a99770dfa8