Acute Helicobacter pylori Infection Prevalence Among Renal Failure Patients and Its Potential Roles with Other Chronic Diseases: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Sari T Alhoufie,1 Nadir A Ibrahim,1 Areej A Alhhazmi,1 Hatim M Makhdoom,1 Hamza M Ali,1 Hassan A Hemeg,1 Yahya A Almutawif,1 Waleed H Mahallawi,1 Khalid O Alfarouk2,3 1Medical Laboratories Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al- Madinah Al-Munwarah, Saudi Arabia; 2Zamzam Research Center, Zamzam Medical College, Khartoum, Sudan; 3Alfarouk Biomedical Research LLC, Temple Terrace, FL, 33617, USACorrespondence: Sari T Alhoufie, Medical Laboratories Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al- Madinah Al-Munwarah, Saudi Arabia, Email shoufie@taibahu.edu.saBackground: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is relevant to several chronic human diseases, from digestive diseases to renal, metabolic, and cancer diseases. H. pylori infections and chronic kidney diseases are in increasing, global records; if not well controlled in a specific population, these diseases might lead to more clinical complications.Methods: In this retrospective study, we investigated the prevalence of acute H. pylori infections among 127 dialysis patients via subjecting their serums to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the human Immunoglobulin M (IgM) against H. pylori infections. Samples were from dialysis patients in a single hemodialysis center in Medina, Saudi Arabia, from January to August 2021.Results: Our results indicated the significant prevalence of H. pylori acute infections among 33.1% of renal failure patients recruited in this study, chi-squared: 14.559, p-value: 0.0001. In addition, no significant occurrence of acute H. pylori infection among males and females, chi-squared: 1.823, p-value: 0.177. Furthermore, the prevalence of acute H. pylori infection was not significant in different age groups of renal failure patients. Chi-squared: 6.803, p-value: 0.147, despite H. pylori-infected cases predominantly represented in patients above 51 years. Moreover, we noticed that hypertension, followed by diabetes, was the most prevalent underlying medical condition among acute infected H. pylori and renal failure patients.Conclusion: We documented the significant prevalence of acute H. pylori infection among renal failure patients. We also highlighted and discussed the possible potential roles of H. pylori in renal failure and other chronic diseases. Routine screening and treatment for acute H. pylori infection for chronic kidney diseases, hypertension, and diabetes patients would positively reduce the bacterium’s progressive effects on them. They might even improve the control of these diseases.Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, acute infection, chronic kidney disease, renal failure, hypertension, diabetes mellitus