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Virtual water trade and bilateral conflicts
- Publication Year :
- 2017
-
Abstract
- In light of growing water scarcity, virtual water, or the water embedded in key water-intensive commodities, has been an active area of debate among practitioners and academics alike. As of yet, however, there is no consensus on whether water scarcity affects conflict behavior and we still lack empirical research intending to account for the role of virtual water in affecting the odds of militarized disputes between states. Using quantitative methods and data on virtual water trade, we find that bilateral and multilateral trade openness reduce the probability of war between any given pair of countries, which is consistent with the strategic role of this important commodity and the opportunity cost associated with the loss of trade gains. We also find that the substantive effect of virtual water trade is comparable to that of oil and gas, the archetypal natural resources, in determining interstate conflicts’ probability.\ud
- Subjects :
- Opportunity cost
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
Water scarcity
Conflicts
0208 environmental biotechnology
Commodity
02 engineering and technology
International trade and water
International trade
01 natural sciences
Odds
Empirical research
Openness to experience
Trade barrier
Settore SECS-P/01 - Economia Politica
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Water Science and Technology
Virtual water
Strategic commodities
International economics
Natural resource
020801 environmental engineering
Water resources
Business
Settore SECS-S/02 - Statistica per La Ricerca Sperimentale e Tecnologica
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 03091708
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....55c272e58a1000f227503308f82e9ca9