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Thirdhand cigarette smoke: factors affecting exposure and remediation
- Source :
- PLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 10, p e108258 (2014), PLoS ONE
- Publication Year :
- 2014
- Publisher :
- Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2014.
-
Abstract
- Thirdhand smoke (THS) refers to components of secondhand smoke that stick to indoor surfaces and persist in the environment. Little is known about exposure levels and possible remediation measures to reduce potential exposure in contaminated areas. This study deals with the effect of aging on THS components and evaluates possible exposure levels and remediation measures. We investigated the concentration of nicotine, five nicotine related alkaloids, and three tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) in smoke exposed fabrics. Two different extraction methods were used. Cotton terry cloth and polyester fleece were exposed to smoke in controlled laboratory conditions and aged before extraction. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used for chemical analysis. Fabrics aged for 19 months after smoke exposure retained significant amounts of THS chemicals. During aqueous extraction, cotton cloth released about 41 times as much nicotine and about 78 times the amount of tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) as polyester after one hour of aqueous extraction. Concentrations of nicotine and TSNAs in extracts of terry cloth exposed to smoke were used to estimate infant/toddler oral exposure and adult dermal exposure to THS. Nicotine exposure from THS residue can be 6.8 times higher in toddlers and 24 times higher in adults and TSNA exposure can be 16 times higher in toddlers and 56 times higher in adults than what would be inhaled by a passive smoker. In addition to providing exposure estimates, our data could be useful in developing remediation strategies and in framing public health policies for indoor environments with THS.
- Subjects :
- Time Factors
Pulmonology
lcsh:Medicine
Toxicology
Global Health
Pediatrics
Nicotine
Third-hand smoke
Risk Factors
Medicine and Health Sciences
Cigarette smoke
Public and Occupational Health
Tobacco-specific nitrosamines
lcsh:Science
Multidisciplinary
Smoking
Child Health
Temperature
3. Good health
Passive smoker
Environmental Health
Concentration Analysis
Research Article
medicine.drug
Adult
Tobacco Control
Nitrosamines
Substance-Related Disorders
Environmental remediation
Polyesters
Toxic Agents
Health Promotion
Research and Analysis Methods
Environmental health
Mental Health and Psychiatry
medicine
Humans
Cotton Fiber
Chemical Characterization
Smoke
business.industry
Methanol
lcsh:R
Biology and Life Sciences
Smoking Related Disorders
Hydrogen Bonding
Environmental Exposure
Health Care
13. Climate action
Solvents
Tobacco Smoke Pollution
Extraction methods
lcsh:Q
Hydrochloric Acid
business
Smoking Legislation
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 19326203
- Volume :
- 9
- Issue :
- 10
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- PLoS ONE
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....53ad01e38bb050614d636a9fa43220aa