Resveratrol and pterostilbene as a microRNA‐mediated chemopreventive and therapeutic strategy in prostate cancer

Growing evidence indicates that deregulation of the epigenetic machinery comprising the microRNA (miRNA) network is a critical factor in the progression of various diseases, including cancer. Concurrently, dietary phytochemicals are being intensively studied for their miRNA-mediated health-beneficial properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, antioxidative, and anticancer properties. Available experimental data have suggested that dietary polyphenols may be effective miRNA-modulating chemopreventive and therapeutic agents. Moreover, noninvasive detection of changes in miRNA expression in liquid biopsies opens enormous possibilities for their clinical utilization as novel prognostic and predictive biomarkers. In our published studies, we identified resveratrol-regulated miRNA profiles in prostate cancer. Resveratrol downregulated the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-targeting members of the oncogenic miR-17 family of miRNAs, which are overexpressed in prostate cancer. We have functionally validated the miRNA-mediated ability of resveratrol and its potent analog pterostilbene to rescue the tumor suppressor activity of PTEN in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our findings implicate the use of resveratrol and its analogs as an attractive miRNA-mediated chemopreventive and therapeutic strategy in prostate cancer and the use of circulating miRNAs as potential predictive biomarkers for clinical development.