Deleterious synergistic effects of acute heart failure and diabetes mellitus in patients with acute coronary syndrome: Data from the FAST-MI Registries

Diabetes mellitus (DM) predisposes patients to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and acute heart failure (AHF).To assess correlates of AHF occurring at the early stage of AMI and synergism between early AHF and DM on 5-year mortality.FAST-MI 2005 and 2010 included 7839 consecutive patients admitted for AMI.Overall, 2151 patients (27.4%) had a history of diabetes mellitus (DM), of whom 629 (29.2%) were on insulin. Patients with versus without DM were older (mean age: 70.0 vs. 64.7years; P0.001), with more comorbidities and more severe coronary artery disease. Early AHF (pulmonary oedema or cardiogenic shock) was the most frequent in-hospital complication (12.5%) and was twice as frequent in patients with versus without DM (20.2% vs. 9.6%; adjusted odds ratio: 1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.43-1.94; P0.001). Among in-hospital survivors, patients with DM without AHF and those with AHF without DM had 50% increases in 5-year mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.32-1.69 and aHR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.23-1.74; both P0.001) versus patients without DM or AHF; with the risk among those with DM and AHF being doubled (aHR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.66-2.34; P0.0001).Early AHF is the most frequent complication of AMI and is twice as common in patients with versus without DM. After adjustment, early AHF and DM are associated with reduced 5-year survival with synergistic effects in patients with both conditions.https://clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00673036 and NCT01237418).