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Differential Regulation of HIV-1 Clade-Specific B, C, and E Long Terminal Repeats by NF-κB and the Tat Transactivator
- Source :
- Virology. 296:77-83
- Publication Year :
- 2002
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2002.
-
Abstract
- The major group of human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-1) that comprise the current global pandemic have diversified during their worldwide spread and may be divided into at least 10 distinct subtypes or clades, A through J. Subtype B predominates in North America and Europe, subtype E predominates in Southeast Asia, and subtype C predominates in sub-Saharan Africa. Functional distinctions in long terminal repeat (LTR) architecture among HIV subtypes have been identified, thus raising the possibility that regulatory divergence among the subtypes of HIV-1 has occurred. In addition to the transcriptional specificity of the HIV-1 LTR, productive HIV-1 replication is also dependent upon the viral Tat protein. Therefore, we sought to investigate whether interactions between host signaling pathways and the NF-kappaB regions of different HIV-1 subtypes, together with subtype-specific interactions between Tat, TAR, and cellular proteins, modulate the efficiency of HIV-1 clade-specific gene transcription. We demonstrate that the NF-kappaB sites of subtypes B and E both bind NF-kappaB-related complexes. However, the duplicated kappaB sites of the C subtype do not compete for NF-kappaB binding. Also, clade E Tat protein possesses the highest transactivation capacity, regardless of the LTR context. Furthermore, preliminary evidence suggests that the acetylation of subtype-specific Tat proteins may correlate with their transactivation efficiency.
- Subjects :
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
Transcription, Genetic
Molecular Sequence Data
Sequence alignment
Biology
Jurkat cells
NF-κB
Jurkat Cells
03 medical and health sciences
Transactivation
Transcription (biology)
Virology
HIV-1 LTR
Humans
Amino Acid Sequence
Peptide sequence
HIV Long Terminal Repeat
030304 developmental biology
Regulation of gene expression
Genetics
0303 health sciences
HIV Enhancer
030302 biochemistry & molecular biology
NF-kappa B
U937 Cells
Long terminal repeat
gene transcription
3. Good health
Gene Products, tat
HIV-1
tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Tat
Signal transduction
Sequence Alignment
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 00426822
- Volume :
- 296
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Virology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....51f6156763224bd7603f3fb50b4d70f6