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Apolipoprotein B Particles and Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review
- Source :
- JAMA Cardiol
- Publication Year :
- 2019
-
Abstract
- BACKGROUND: Trapping of apoB lipoprotein particles within the arterial wall initiates and drives the atherosclerotic process from beginning to end. Very low-density lipoprotein particles (VLDL) contain most of the triglyceride in plasma whereas low-density lipoprotein particles (LDL) particles contain most of the cholesterol. Smaller numbers of chylomicron and Lp(a) particles are also present in plasma. All these particles have one molecule of apoB. Therefore, plasma apoB equals the total number of apoB particles. Because the lipid content of apoB particles is variable, plasma triglyceride and cholesterol are not always accurate-measures of the number of apoB particles. THE CHOLESTEROL MODEL OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS: The conventional model of atherosclerosis presumes that the mass of cholesterol within VLDL and LDL particles is the principal determinant of the mass of cholesterol that will be deposited within the arterial wall and will drive atherogenesis. But cholesterol can only enter the arterial wall within apoB particles and the mass of cholesterol that will be deposited is determined by the rate at which apoB particles are trapped within the arterial wall rather than passing harmless through. THE APOB PARTICLE MODEL OF ATHEROGENESIS: The number of apoB particles that enter and are trapped within the arterial wall is determined primarily by the number of apoB particles within the arterial lumen. However, once within the arterial wall, smaller cholesterol-depleted apoB particles have a greater tendency to be trapped than larger cholesterol-enriched apoB particles because they bind more avidly to the glycosaminoglycans within the subintimal space of the arterial wall. If so, a cholesterol-enriched particle would deposit more cholesterol than a cholesterol-depleted apoB particle. By contrast, more smaller apoB particles that enter the arterial wall will be trapped than larger apoB particles. The net result is, with the exceptions of the abnormal chylomicron remnants in type III hyperlipoproteinemia and Lp(a), all apoB particles are equally atherogenic. ApoB, therefore, unifies, amplifies, and simplifies the information from the conventional lipid markers as to the atherogenic risk attributable to the apoB lipoproteins.
- Subjects :
- medicine.medical_specialty
Apolipoprotein B
Cholesterol, VLDL
Coronary Artery Disease
030204 cardiovascular system & hematology
digestive system
Risk Assessment
Article
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
0302 clinical medicine
Chylomicron remnant
Internal medicine
medicine
Humans
030212 general & internal medicine
Apolipoproteins B
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
biology
Cholesterol
business.industry
nutritional and metabolic diseases
Cholesterol, LDL
Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins
Endocrinology
chemistry
Cardiovascular Diseases
biology.protein
Particle
Narrative review
lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins)
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
business
Arterial lumen
Biomarkers
Chylomicron
Lipoprotein
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 23806591
- Volume :
- 4
- Issue :
- 12
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- JAMA cardiology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....519cdd849e5b45de9c1960e38140204e