Human papillomavirus-associated anal and cervical neoplasia: evaluation of vaccino-prophylaxis programs

The review examines a role of HPV in the development of pre-cancer and cancer of the anogenital region. It presents the current data on the incidence of cervical (CIN) and anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN), the HPV infection of the anal region in women at risk (CIN, VIN, VaIN). Methods for the diagnosis of HPV-associated diseases of the anogenital region are considered. The article reviews the literature on the importance of AIN screening development in patients with CIN, VIN, VaIN. It also provides the results of own studies of HPV infection of the anal region in patients with cervical neoplasias, data on the HPV trophicity to the epithelium of the cervical canal and the anal region. Type 16 HPV is the dominant type of HPV in patients with CIN in the cervical canal and in the anus. HPV-associated cervical diseases, in particular CIN, create a risk of infection and development of HPV-associated diseases of the anal region, including AIN. A quadrivalent HPV vaccine is now available in Russia. Although initially created and used to protect against injuries to the cervix caused by HPV, it should also be considered for the prevention of other types of HPV-associated anogenital pre-cancer and cancer.