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Experimental Study of Bentonite-Free Water Based Mud Reinforced with Carboxymethylated Tapioca Starch: Rheological Modeling and Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
- Source :
- Polymers, Vol 13, Iss 3320, p 3320 (2021), Polymers, Volume 13, Issue 19
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Drilling mud’s rheological characteristics, such as plastic viscosity and yield point, are adversely affected with an inappropriate mud formulation. Native starch is one of the most important components in water-based mud because it improves the rheological and filtration characteristics of the mud. The native starch stability under various temperature and exposure time regimes is an important concern for utilizing starch in oil and gas drilling operations. In this work, tapioca starch was modified using carboxymethylation for the first time in order to improve its performance in non-damaging water-based muds. The modified starch was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The thermal stability was tested using thermal gravimetric analysis. Various mud blends were formulated based on the experimental design using response surface methodology (RSM) to investigate their performance at various temperature conditions. Thirty experimental runs were carried out based on the selected factors and responses considering the optimal (custom) design, and the results were analyzed through ANOVA. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction results confirmed the carboxymethylation of starch. The TGA analysis revealed strong thermal stability after modification. Additionally, the Power law model (PLM) described the obtained rheological data for the selected formulations, resulting in determination coefficients of more than 0.95. Furthermore, the examined samples showed a reduction in the flow behavior index from 0.30 to 0.21 and an increase in the consistency index from 5.6 to 15.1. Optimization and confirmation results revealed the adequacy of the generated empirical models for both plastic viscosity and yield point. The obtained consistency index values provided a direct relationship with the modified starch concentration, indicating an improvement in the cutting carrying capacity of mud. Based on the current literature survey, the studied formulation has not been reported in the literature.
- Subjects :
- nondamaging water-based muds
Materials science
Polymers and Plastics
Starch
rheological modeling
Organic chemistry
General Chemistry
Article
tapioca starch carboxymethylation
Modified starch
response surface methodology
chemistry.chemical_compound
QD241-441
chemistry
Rheology
Drilling fluid
Bentonite
Thermal stability
Response surface methodology
Composite material
Literature survey
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20734360
- Volume :
- 13
- Issue :
- 3320
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Polymers
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....514f6c2becd0b2973861136e5d4a3ecf