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Extremely fast prey capture in pipefish is powered by elastic recoil

Authors :
Lara A. Ferry-Graham
Peter Aerts
Brooke E. Flammang
James A. Strother
Sam Van Wassenbergh
Source :
Journal of the Royal Society interface: physical and life sciences
Publication Year :
2007
Publisher :
The Royal Society, 2007.

Abstract

The exceptionally high speed at which syngnathid fishes are able to rotate their snout towards prey and capture it by suction is potentially caused by a catapult mechanism in which the energy previously stored in deformed elastic elements is suddenly released. According to this hypothesis, tension is built up in tendons of the post-cranial muscles before prey capture is initiated. Next, an abrupt elastic recoil generates high-speed dorsal rotation of the head and snout, rapidly bringing the mouth close to the prey, thus enabling the pipefish to be close enough to engulf the prey by suction. However, no experimental evidence exists for such a mechanism of mechanical power amplification during feeding in these fishes. To test this hypothesis, inverse dynamical modelling based upon kinematic data from high-speed videos of prey capture in bay pipefishSyngnathus leptorhynchus, as well as electromyography of the muscle responsible for head rotation (the epaxial muscle) was performed. The remarkably high instantaneous muscle-mass-specific power requirement calculated for the initial phase of head rotation (up to 5795 W kg−1), as well as the early onset times of epaxial muscle activity (often observed more than 300 ms before the first externally discernible prey capture motion), support the elastic power enhancement hypothesis.

Details

ISSN :
17425662 and 17425689
Volume :
5
Database :
OpenAIRE
Journal :
Journal of The Royal Society Interface
Accession number :
edsair.doi.dedup.....510562e944610378979c2f4245fdba37
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2007.1124