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Effect of the order of incorporation of cake ingredients on the formation of batter and the final properties: contribution of the addition of pea flour
- Source :
- J Food Sci Technol
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2020.
-
Abstract
- The investigation dealt with the effect of the replacement of a part of wheat flour by pea flour on the properties of batters and cakes. As the protein composition of pea flour differs from that of wheat, the effect of its incorporation on batter formation and cake properties was monitored throughout the different steps of cake processing. The incorporation of air, which influences the cell structure and density of the cake, was the subject of particular attention. Four orders of incorporation were first investigated to identify their effects on a standard recipe made with 100% wheat flour. Mixing first egg and sugar together allows introducing air, but most of it is lost after oil and flour introduction. Whatever the order of incorporation, the density of the batter ends around 1.1 ± 0.2 g.cm(−1). However, batter consistencies are significantly different and resulting cakes show different crumb structures. These results are discussed in terms of physicochemical mechanisms, and a schematic representation of the phenomena occurring at the different steps of mixing depending on the order of ingredient incorporation is proposed. When 20 and 40% of the wheat flour was replaced by pea flour using the two most energy-efficient orders of incorporation, more air was incorporated into the batter. However, the resulting cakes were denser, but surprisingly softer. Differences in cell structure explain this apparent contradiction.
- Subjects :
- 0106 biological sciences
Chemistry
Mixing (process engineering)
Wheat flour
04 agricultural and veterinary sciences
Protein composition
040401 food science
01 natural sciences
Ingredient
0404 agricultural biotechnology
010608 biotechnology
Original Article
Cell structure
Food science
Sugar
Food Science
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 09758402 and 00221155
- Volume :
- 58
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Food Science and Technology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....50f4efab06c9c96412bc298099329c4d