Effect of Gender and Load Conditions on Foot Arch Height Index and Flexibility in Japanese Youths

Arch height index (AHI) and arch height flexibility (AHF) are useful methods for evaluating foot structure. Although foot structure may be linked to intrinsic factors such as gender and load conditions, information on AHI and AHF in consideration of these factors is lacking. This study aimed to examine the effect of gender and load conditions on AHI and AHF. One hundred Japanese youths (50 males, 50 females) were recruited in this study. Arch height and truncated foot length were measured with an AHI measurement system. AHI was calculated for each load condition using truncated foot length and arch height. AHF was defined as the change in arch height from 10% to 50% of weightbearing load, and from 10% to 90% of weightbearing load. To satisfy the assumption of independence, only measurements from the right foot were analyzed. A gender × load condition interaction was found in AHI. AHI in all load conditions showed significant differences between the genders (p.001), and AHI of female participants was significantly less than that of male participants (p.001). In contrast, no significant gender × load condition interaction was noted in AHF, and only the main effect of the load condition was found (p.001). In AHI use, the effects of gender and load conditions must be considered, and AHF may be used considering only changes in load conditions. The results of this study provide useful information regarding which normative values of AHI and AHF should be used.