Identification of biomarkers associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in CuZn superoxide dismutase deficient mice

To identify biomarkers associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD, Sod1) deficient mice, 2-DE followed by MS analysis was carried out with liver samples obtained from 18-month-old Sod1−/− and +/+ mice. The intra-cellular Ca binding protein, regucalcin (RGN), showed a divergent alteration in Sod1−/− samples. Whereas elevated RGN levels were observed in −/− samples with no obvious neoplastic changes, marked reduction in RGN was observed in −/− samples with fully developed HCC. GST mu1 (GSTM1), on the other hand, showed a significant increase only in the neoplastic regions obtained from Sod1−/− livers. No change in GSTM1 was observed in the surrounding normal tissues. Marked reduction was observed in two intracellular lipid transporters, fatty acid binding protein 1 (FABP1) and major urinary protein 11 and 8 (MUP 11&8), in Sod1−/− samples. Analysis of additional samples at 18−22 months of age showed a three-fold increase in enolase activities in Sod1−/− livers. Consistent with previous findings, carbonic anhydrase 3 (CAIII) levels were significantly reduced in Sod1−/− samples, and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the reduction was not homogenous throughout the lobular structure in the liver.