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The Market for Bidis, Smokeless Tobacco, and Cigarettes in India: Evidence From Semi-Urban and Rural Areas in Five States
- Source :
- International Journal of Public Health, International Journal of Public Health, Vol 66 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Frontiers Media SA, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Objectives: Compare the brand availability, pricing and presence of illicit products in semi-urban and rural areas in India across product types and states.Methods: In late 2017, 382 unique tobacco products were purchased from localities with populations under 50,000 in the states of Assam, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh. Brand, printed maximum retail price, price paid, tax, and health warning labels (HWLs) were used to compare the market for bidis, smokeless tobacco (SLT), and cigarettes.Results: Brand availability and pricing of SLT products was similar to cigarettes. Brand availability and pricing of bidis was consistent with having many small producers. Bidis and single serving SLT with spice mixtures were more affordable than cigarettes and SLT sold alone. 2% of SLT and 10% of cigarettes did not feature an India HWL.Conclusion: The elimination of single serving SLT packets and the removal of tax exemptions for small producers, often exploited by bidi producers, could reduce their respective affordability. State differences in illegal and illicit products could indicate a greater need for enforcement in some states.
- Subjects :
- Rural Population
Tobacco, Smokeless
Health (social science)
Urban Population
India
global health
illegal tobacco products
Agricultural economics
LMICs
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Humans
030212 general & internal medicine
Semi urban
Public Health Archive
Commerce
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Tobacco Products
Product type
price
Incentive
Smokeless tobacco
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
Costs and Cost Analysis
Original Article
Business
Public aspects of medicine
RA1-1270
Rural area
taxation
Uttar pradesh
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 16618564
- Volume :
- 66
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- International Journal of Public Health
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....4ed5b74763c038d4fab2a687bbefffd7
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2021.1604005