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Trouble With the Neighbor During Freeze-Drying: Rivalry About Energy
- Source :
- Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 110:1219-1226
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Batch homogeneity during lyophilization is crucial to ensure products with high quality. Known as edge-vial-effect, vials at the corners and edges tend to run warmer than center vials during primary drying. This is associated with risk of collapse or increased costs due to use of more conservative, longer drying conditions resulting in lower product temperature. The edge-vial-effect has been attributed to radiation coming from the chamber wall. We could show that the neighbor vial has a dominant impact on product temperature during lyophilization. Depending on the number of neighbors as well as the distance to a neighbor vial, the neighbor vial exerts a remarkable cooling effect. Energy transfer by gas conduction enables the cooling effect of a neighboring vial over a distance up to 10 mm. This not only leads to prolonged primary drying but also impacts cake appearance. Thus, to avoid trouble during lyophilization you have to watch out for the neighborhood.
- Subjects :
- Materials science
Energy transfer
Temperature
Pharmaceutical Science
02 engineering and technology
Mechanics
021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology
Cooling effect
Thermal conduction
030226 pharmacology & pharmacy
03 medical and health sciences
Freeze-drying
Freeze Drying
0302 clinical medicine
Energy Transfer
Heat transfer
Technology, Pharmaceutical
Desiccation
0210 nano-technology
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 00223549
- Volume :
- 110
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....4ea467ede6b049fea24ab75bab2c7082