Erythroneura comes

Erythroneura comes (Say, 1825) Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: A pest on grapevine and other fruit trees (Behdad 1991; Esmaili 1984). Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: Not recorded. Recorded distribution in Iran: South of Central Alborz Mountain (Mozaffarian & Wilson 2016). Conclusion: The species is a Nearctic species and the records may be due to a misidentification (Mozaffarian & Wilson 2016). Frutioidia (Frutioidia) bisignata (Mulstant et Rey, 1855) (Figs 43 and 59a–c) Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Mild and sometimes significant damage on Poaceae. The phytoplasma responsible for Almond Witches’ broom disease could not be transmitted by this insect (Esmaili 1984; Rajabi 1991, Taghizadeh & Salehi 2002; Koliayee et al. 2012). Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: A pest on hazelnut in Europe and a potential pest in olive orchards in Turkey (Snare 2006; Bozbuga & Elekcioglu 2008). Recorded distribution in Iran: Northwest and centre (Mozaffarian & Wilson 2016). Conclusion: Modarres Awal (1994) mentioned the name: “ Erythroneura albisignata ” as a synonym with Z. bisignata which is the synonym of the present species. It has been repeated in some agricultural websites consequently as a pest on Poaceae. However, this is not a valid name. The economic injury level caused by the species is unclear.
Published as part of Mozaffarian, Fariba, 2018, An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species, pp. 475-501 in Zootaxa 4420 (4) on page 492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1455385
{"references":["Behdad, E. (1991) Pests of Fruit Crops in Iran. Markaz-e Nashr-e Bahman, Isfahan, 822 pp.","Esmaiili, M. (1984) Important Pests of Fruit Trees. Markaz-e Nashr-e Sepehr publication, Tehran, 584 pp. [in Persian]","Mozaffarian, F. & Wilson, M. R. (2016) A checklist of the leafhoppers of Iran (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae). Zootaxa, 4062 (1), 1 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4062.1.1","Rajabi, Gh. (1991) Insects attacking Rosaceous fruit trees in Iran. Vol. 3: Homoptera. Ministry of Agriculture, Tehran, 256 pp.","Taghizadeh, M. & Salehi, M. (2002) Leafhoppers of subfamily Typhlocybinae found on almond (Prunus anygdalus) in Fars Province. Proceedings of 15 th Iranian Plant Protection cogress, Kermanshah, Iran, 2002, 92 - 93.","Snare L. (2006) Pest and Disease Analysis in Hazelnuts. Horticultural Australia Ltd, 64 pp.","Bozbuga, R. & Elekcioglu, Z. (2008) Pests and Natural Enemies Determined in Olive Orchards in Turkey. Turk Bilimsel Derlemeler Dergisi, 1 (1), 87 - 97.","Modarres Awal, M. (1994) List of Agricultural Pests and Their Natural Enemies in Iran. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Publication No 147. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashahd, 364 pp."]}