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Field Detection of Drugs of Abuse in Oral Fluid Using the Alere™ DDS®2 Mobile Test System with Confirmation by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS/MS)
- Source :
- Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 42:170-176
- Publication Year :
- 2017
- Publisher :
- Oxford University Press (OUP), 2017.
-
Abstract
- The collection and analysis of drugs in oral fluid (OF) at the roadside has become more feasible with the introduction of portable testing devices such as the Alere™ DDS®2 Mobile Test System (DDS®2). The objective of this study was to compare the on-site results for the DDS®2 to laboratory-based confirmatory assays with respect to detection of drugs of abuse in human subjects. As part of a larger Institutional Review Board approved study, two OF samples were collected from each participant at a music festival in Miami, FL, USA. One OF sample was field screened using the DDS®2, and a confirmatory OF sample was collected using the Quantisal™ OF collection device and submitted to the laboratory for testing. In total, 124 subjects participated in this study providing two contemporaneous OF samples. DDS®2 field screening yielded positive results for delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (n = 27), cocaine (n = 12), amphetamine (n = 3), methamphetamine (n = 3) and benzodiazepine (n = 1). No opiate-positive OF samples were detected. For cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine and benzodiazepines, the DDS®2 displayed sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 100%. For THC, the DDS®2 displayed sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 100% and accuracy of 97.5%, when the threshold for confirmation matched that of the manufacturers advertised cut-off. When this confirmatory threshold was lowered to the analytical limit of detection (i.e., 1 ng/mL), apparent device performance for THC was poorer due to additional samples testing positive by confirmatory assay that had tested negative on the DDS®2, demonstrating a need for correlation between manufacturer cut-off and analytical reporting limit. These results from drug-using subjects demonstrate the value of field-based OF testing, and illustrate the significance of selecting an appropriate confirmation cut-off concentration with respect to performance evaluation and detection of drug use.
- Subjects :
- Drugs of abuse
Substance-Related Disorders
Point-of-Care Systems
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Point-of-care testing
Toxicology
01 natural sciences
Analytical Chemistry
Field detection
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Limit of Detection
Predictive Value of Tests
Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Field screening
Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
Lc ms ms
Humans
Environmental Chemistry
Medicine
030216 legal & forensic medicine
Saliva
Detection limit
Chemical Health and Safety
Chromatography
Illicit Drugs
business.industry
010401 analytical chemistry
Reproducibility of Results
Equipment Design
0104 chemical sciences
Substance Abuse Detection
Point-of-Care Testing
Florida
Oral fluid
business
Chromatography, Liquid
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 19452403 and 01464760
- Volume :
- 42
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Analytical Toxicology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....4d9914c3427a8ab67d0c0ba6dfe32696