Exploring the gratitude model of body appreciation and intuitive eating among Japanese women

Culture is believed to play a central role in body image and eating problems, and for this reason, it is important to conduct cross-cultural investigations of relevant theoretical models. This study involves a non-Western replication of one of the few existing models of positive body image, the gratitude model of body appreciation, which was originally developed using American women. The model postulates that a grateful attitude is associated with body appreciation and intuitive eating via reduced contingent self-worth and social comparison. The current study aims to examine the applicability of the model to Japanese women. A sample of 648 Japanese women (age range = 15–69, M = 42.1, SD = 15.7) completed online measures of gratitude, contingent self-worth, social comparison, body appreciation, and intuitive eating. In general, all paths in the original model were replicated in the current model. However, two new paths were added to achieve good fit, including a path from basing one’s self-worth on others’ approval to body appreciation and another path from gratitude directly to intuitive eating. These differential pathways are discussed in the context of Japanese culture that emphasizes appreciation towards foods and self-definition based on social approval. In addition, implications for intervention are described.