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Status of insecticide susceptibility in Anopheles gambiae s.l. from malaria surveillance sites in The Gambia
- Source :
- Malaria Journal, Malaria Journal, Vol 8, Iss 1, p 187 (2009)
- Publisher :
- Springer Nature
-
Abstract
- Background Vector control is an effective way of reducing malaria transmission. The main vector control methods include the use of insecticide-treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying (IRS). Both interventions rely on the continuing susceptibility of Anopheles to a limited number of insecticides. However, insecticide resistance, in particular pyrethroid-DDT cross-resistance, is a challenge facing malaria vector control in Africa because pyrethroids represent the only class of insecticides approved for treating bed nets and DDT is commonly used for IRS. Here baseline data are presented on the insecticide susceptibility levels of malaria vectors prior to The Gambian indoor residual spraying intervention programme. Methods Anopheles larvae were collected from six malaria surveillance sites (Brikama, Essau, Farafenni, Mansakonko, Kuntaur and Basse) established by the National Malaria Control Programme and the UK Medical Research Council Laboratories in The Gambia. The mosquitoes were reared to adulthood and identified using morphological keys and a species-specific polymerase chain reaction assay. Two- to three-day old adult female mosquitoes were tested for susceptibility to permethrin, deltamethrin and DDT using standard WHO protocols, insecticide susceptibility test kits and treated papers. Results All Anopheles mosquitoes tested belonged to the Anopheles gambiae complex. Anopheles arabiensis was predominant (54.1%), followed by An. gambiae s.s. (26.1%) and Anopheles melas (19.8%). Anopheles gambiae s.s. and An. arabiensis were found at all six sites. Anopheles melas was recorded only at Brikama. Mosquitoes from two of the six sites (Brikama and Basse) were fully susceptible to all three insecticides tested. However, DDT resistance was found in An. gambiae from Essau where the 24 hours post-exposure mortality was Conclusion This current survey of insecticide resistance in Anopheles provides baseline information for monitoring resistance in The Gambia and highlights the need for routine resistance surveillance as an integral part of the proposed nation wide IRS intervention using DDT.
- Subjects :
- Insecticides
lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine
lcsh:RC955-962
Anopheles gambiae
Indoor residual spraying
Drug Resistance
Drug resistance
lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases
DDT
Toxicology
chemistry.chemical_compound
Anopheles
Nitriles
Pyrethrins
parasitic diseases
medicine
Animals
lcsh:RC109-216
Permethrin
biology
Research
medicine.disease
biology.organism_classification
Survival Analysis
Deltamethrin
Infectious Diseases
Parasitology
chemistry
Female
Gambia
Malaria
medicine.drug
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 14752875
- Volume :
- 8
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Malaria Journal
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....4c9b1d78e6f4159aaa18be36df94f7b8
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-8-187