Current biocompatible materials in oral regeneration: a comprehensive overview of composite materials

Reconstructive orthodontics is increasingly benefiting from regenerative medicine and tissue engineering strategies. The scaffolds used both in reconstruction or in the regeneration of dental/oral defects are mainly are from two sources of materials: biologic or organic. The biologic materials have been used for regeneration and functional reconstruction of defected or lost tissues. The 3D scaffold from organic materials, including; collagen and hyaluronic acid derivatives with macromolecular properties similar to natural ECM. Bone and dentine regeneration is a growing field of research in dentistry and envisions clinical promises by improving the outcomes for the treatment of craniofacial repair and replacement. This has been recently accelerated with innovative materials and bioactive molecules and growth factors using in vitro or in vivo bioreactors. Both scaffolds made from biologic and organic materials have been combined with adult stem cells with mesenchymal phenotype in a biomimicry approach to creating the more natural-like bone substitutes. This research critically reviewed the literature in the past ten years from databases (PubMed and NCBI). The review will provide an update on the impact of biologic and natural organic materials used or emerging clinically as a 3D scaffold for bone regeneration in orofacial bone defects.