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Clinical anatomy considerations on the muscular and vascular components of the midface by ultrasonographic imaging
- Source :
- Clinical Anatomy. 34:1142-1149
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Wiley, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Introduction The first signs of face aging appear in the midface, so procedures such as botulinum toxin and filler injections are performed there. However, no guidelines based on clinical anatomy have been published describing the muscular and vascular components in vivo. The aim of this research is to describe the depths of the midface muscles and the locations of vessels using US imaging. Materials and methods US was applied at 12 landmarks on the midface in 88 volunteers (49 males and 39 females; 19-36 years) to detect sex differences in the depths of muscles and the locations of the vessels. Results The depths of the orbicularis oculi (OOc), levator labii superioris alaeque nasi (LLSAN), and zygomaticus minor (Zmi) differed significantly with sex at P7 (p=0.001) and P8 (p=0.017), P1 (p=0.028), and P4 (p=0.035), respectively. The facial artery, facial vein, angular artery, angular vein, and perforator vessels were found at P9, P2 and P10, P1, P1 and P5, and P8, P11 and P12, respectively. Conclusions The findings indicate that the depths of the OOc, LLSAN, Zmi muscles differ between the sexes and that the vessels appear at specific landmarks. This information could help in developing anatomical guidelines for several procedures.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Male
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
Histology
Facial vein
Facial Muscles
Facial artery
Clinical anatomy
Face aging
Young Adult
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
medicine.artery
Humans
Medicine
Ultrasonography
0303 health sciences
business.industry
030206 dentistry
General Medicine
Anatomy
Angular artery
Botulinum toxin
030301 anatomy & morphology
Angular vein
medicine.vein
Face
Female
Anatomic Landmarks
business
medicine.drug
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 10982353 and 08973806
- Volume :
- 34
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Clinical Anatomy
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....4c7e72ebea69147da10489e22afeeb3f