Four types of tumor progression after microwave ablation of single hepatocellular carcinoma of ≤5 cm: incidence, risk factors and clinical significance

To evaluate the incidence, risk factors and clinical significance of four types of tumor progression (TP) after microwave ablation (MWA) of single hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of p = 0.492, 0.971, 0.681 and 0.219). Univariate analysis showed that age (p < 0.001, hazard ratio [HR] = 2.783), comorbidities (p = 0.042, HR = 1.864), IDR, AIR and EDR (p = 0.027, HR = 1.719; p = 0.001, HR = 3.628; p = 0.009, HR = 2.638) were independently associated with OS. Multivariate analysis showed older age (p < 0.001, HR = 2.478), the occurrence of AIR (p < 0.001, HR = 2.648) and the occurrence of EDR (p = 0.002, HR = 2.222), were associated with poor OS. The occurrence rate of IDR is the highest of all TPs following MWA of a single HCC of