G-CSF pretreatment aggravates LPS-associated microcirculatory dysfunction and acute liver injury after partial hepatectomy in rats

Liver dysfunction is a serious complication in the early phase following major liver resection or liver transplantation and might be aggravated by the translocation of bacteria and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). As a preventive strategy, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is prophylactically applied in patients who are subjected to major surgery. However, we previously demonstrated that G-CSF can induce LPS sensitization. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of G-CSF pretreatment on hepatic microcirculatory disturbances and postoperative liver dysfunction after 70 % partial hepatectomy (PH) in rats. PH alone was well tolerated by all animals (100 % survival rate, slight liver damage and inflammation). LPS application after 70 % PH caused moderate inflammation, microcirculatory disturbances and hepatic damage and led to a 24-h survival rate of 30 % after the operations. In the G-CSF-LPS-PH group, all of the rats died within 4 h with severe inflammatory responses and liver damage (i.e., pronounced erythrocyte congestion and neutrophil infiltration). Portal hypertension and microcirculatory disorders (i.e., inhomogeneous perfusion, sinusoidal dilatation and reductions on functional capillary density) were more pronounced in the G-CSF-LPS-PH group. In conclusion, increased circulating LPS levels were associated with an imbalanced inflammatory response and microcirculatory dysfunction that preceded liver damage and subsequent dysfunction following surgery. G-CSF-pretreatment aggravated microcirculatory disturbances and liver damage, which might have been related to G-CSF-induced LPS sensitization.