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The Impact of Socioeconomic Status on the Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19; a Retrospective Cohort Study
- Source :
- Journal of Community Health
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Springer US, 2021.
-
Abstract
- There have been limited data assessing the influence of disadvantaged socioeconomic status (SES) on the incidence and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients within the diverse communities of the United States. Here, we aim to investigate the association between poverty level, as an indicator of SES, and COVID-19 related clinical outcomes including hospitalization and all-cause mortality. This retrospective cohort study included 3528 patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 seen at a large New York City health system between March 1, 2020 and April 1, 2020. Data for neighborhood level poverty was acquired from the American Community Survey 2014–2018 and defined as the percent of residents in each ZIP code whose household income was below the federal poverty threshold (FPT): 0% to 20% below FPT (high poverty). COVID-19 positive patients who resided in high poverty areas were significantly younger, had a higher prevalence of comorbidities and were more likely to be of female gender or a racial minority when compared to individuals living in low poverty areas. Residence in a high poverty area was not associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 related hospitalization and was found to be associated with a decreased risk of in-hospital mortality. This study suggests the existence of an unequal socioeconomic gradient in the demographic and clinical presentation of COVID-19 patients including differences in age, gender and race between poverty groups. Further studies are needed to fully assess the intersectionality of SES with the COVID-19 pandemic. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10900-020-00944-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Male
Health (social science)
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Residence Characteristics
Ethnicity
Medicine
Humans
030212 general & internal medicine
Socioeconomic status
Poverty
Pandemics
Aged
Retrospective Studies
Original Paper
030505 public health
business.industry
SARS-CoV-2
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Incidence (epidemiology)
Incidence
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
COVID-19
Retrospective cohort study
Middle Aged
Disadvantaged
Hospitalization
Treatment Outcome
Social Class
Household income
Residence
Female
New York City
0305 other medical science
business
Demography
Poverty threshold
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 15733610 and 00945145
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Community Health
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....4b82acfb08ab358bf00767ade3b4fc95