Multifunctional hydroxyapatite and hopeite coatings on SS254 by laser rapid manufacturing for improved osseointegration and antibacterial character: A comparative study

Orthopaedic metallic implant’s long-term success strongly depends upon the two main factors: osseointegration and antibacterial character. Bioceramic (hydroxyapatite and hopeite) coatings have been proven effective for getting strong osseointegration and antibacterial character. However, deterioration of bioceramic coatings during the implantation period can adversely affect its overall biological performance. To conquer this issue, this research work recommends an innovative process route of laser rapid manufacturing for depositing bioceramic (hydroxyapatite and hopeite) coatings with metallurgical bonding. Microstructure, phase composition, antibacterial efficacy and bioactivity were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, fluorescence-activated cell sorting technique and simulated body fluid immersion test. The promising results obtained from these characterizations and testing establish the new process route laser rapid manufacturing as an effective alternative to deposit multifunctional bioceramic (hydroxyapatite and hopeite) coatings on metallic prosthetic–orthopaedic implants.