Occurrence of Staphylococcus spp. and investigation of fecal and animal viral contaminations in livestock, river water, and sewage from Tunisia and Romania

The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli, somatic coliphages, F-specific RNA bacteriophages, hepatitis E virus (HEV), and bovine enterovirus (BEV) in fecal and water samples. The occurrence of Staphylococcus spp. was investigated in treated wastewater samples collected from slaughterhouse of Tunisia. Results showed that Staphylococcus spp. were detected in the totality of collected samples with an average mean of 5.44 Log10 (CFU/100 ml). Regarding fecal indicator bacteria, E. coli was detected in the totality of water samples and was more abundant in Tunisian samples than in samples collected from Romania (P