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The separate and combined effects of alcohol and nicotine on anticipatory anxiety: a multidimensional analysis
- Source :
- Addictive behaviors. 37(4)
- Publication Year :
- 2011
-
Abstract
- Individuals who smoke cigarettes are significantly more likely to smoke more when they drink alcohol. Indeed, smoking and drinking appear strongly linked, at both between- and within-person levels of analyses. Anecdotal evidence further suggests that alcohol consumption in combination with smoking cigarettes reduces anxiety, yet the mechanisms by which this may occur are not well understood. The current study assessed the separate and combined effects of alcohol and nicotine on self-reported and psychophysiological (startle eyeblink magnitude) indices of anxiety. Results indicated that alcohol provided anxiolytic benefits alone and in combination with nicotine, as evidenced by significant reductions in startle eyeblink magnitude. According to self-reported anxiety, alcohol and nicotine exerted a conjoint effect on diminishing increases in anxiety subsequent to a speech stressor. These data highlight the importance of studying both the separate and combined effects of these two widely used substances, as well as the advantages of employing a multimodal assessment of emotional response.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Male
Nicotine
Reflex, Startle
Alcohol Drinking
medicine.drug_class
Medicine (miscellaneous)
Alcohol
Anxiety
Toxicology
Anxiolytic
law.invention
Developmental psychology
chemistry.chemical_compound
Young Adult
Randomized controlled trial
law
medicine
Humans
Nicotinic Agonists
Young adult
Blinking
Ethanol
business.industry
Stressor
Smoking
Central Nervous System Depressants
Consumer Behavior
Middle Aged
Anticipation, Psychological
Anticipation
Psychiatry and Mental health
Clinical Psychology
chemistry
Female
medicine.symptom
business
Stress, Psychological
medicine.drug
Clinical psychology
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 18736327
- Volume :
- 37
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Addictive behaviors
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....4b173b8c7239e96ac02d90370a92f072