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L-Arginine and its metabolites in kidney and cardiovascular disease
- Publication Year :
- 2014
-
Abstract
- L-Arginine is a semi essential amino acid synthesised from glutamine, glutamate and proline via the intestinal-renal axis in humans and most mammals. L-Arginine degradation occurs via multiple pathways initiated by arginase, nitric-oxide synthase, Arg: glycine amidinotransferase, and Arg decarboxylase. These pathways produce nitric oxide, polyamines, proline, glutamate, creatine and agmatine with each having enormous biological importance. Several disease are associated to an L-arginine impaired levels and/or to its metabolites: in particular various L-arginine metabolites may participate in pathogenesis of kidney and cardiovascular disease. L-Arginine and its metabolites may constitute both a marker of pathology progression both the rationale for manipulating L-arginine metabolism as a strategy to ameliorate these disease. A large number of studies have been performed in experimental models of kidney disease with sometimes conflicting results, which underlie the complexity of Arg metabolism and our incomplete knowledge of all the mechanisms involved. Moreover several lines of evidence demonstrate the role of L-arg metabolites in cardiovascular disease and that L-arg administration role in reversing endothelial dysfunction, which is the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. This review will discuss the implication of the mains L-arginine metabolites and L-arginine-derived guanidine compounds in kidney and cardiovascular disease considering the more recent literature in the field.
- Subjects :
- medicine.medical_specialty
Arginine
Carboxy-Lyases
Clinical Biochemistry
Biology
Kidney
Models, Biological
Biochemistry
Arginine · Arginine metabolites · Kidney disease · Cardiovascular disease
chemistry.chemical_compound
Internal medicine
medicine
Animals
Humans
Endothelial dysfunction
Evidence-Based Medicine
Arginase
Organic Chemistry
Kidney metabolism
medicine.disease
Isoenzymes
Glutamine
medicine.anatomical_structure
Endocrinology
chemistry
Cardiovascular Diseases
Dietary Supplements
Endothelium, Vascular
Nitric Oxide Synthase
Agmatine
Biomarkers
Kidney disease
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....4afc7e2a37b798a6f4f0fb370d7d0e72