Recombinant human adenovirus type 5 (Oncorine) reverses resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitor in a patient with recurrent non‐small cell lung cancer: A case report

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown significant efficacy in various solid tumors, but only a small subgroup of patients benefit from them because of immune resistance. Oncorine (formerly H101), a recombinant human adenovirus type 5, has direct anticancer properties and enhances cell‐mediated immune responses. At present, few studies on the role of Oncorine in reversing resistance to ICIs have been reported. Here, we present a case with recurrent non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The patient developed resistance to nivolumab therapy. After trying immunotherapy plus chemotherapy or antiangiogenesis therapy, the patient only obtained a transient response. The patient then received experimental treatment with Oncorine together with nivolumab and anlotinib. She experienced symptomatic improvement with a performance status score of 1, and achieved stable disease despite partial lung tissue necrosis. This was a successful exploration of oncolytic viruses reversing immune resistance.
Our patient with recurrent NSCLC experienced resistance to ICI (nivolumab), and was subsequently treated with nivolumab plus anlotinib with a transient response, followed by the combination of oncolytic virus (Oncorine) at the time of progression with obvious disease control. This was a successful exploration of oncolytic viruses reversing immune resistance.